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Wednesday September 08th 2010 3:35:57PMETUST-5 New York City NY 88F 31C

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Special Weather Statement - New York (Manhattan) (New York)

New York City 10011 Weather Forecast Wed 08 Sep 2010

Tonight
Mostly clear, with a low around 62. Northwest wind between 11 and 18 mph.
Thursday
Mostly sunny, with a high near 76. Northwest wind between 13 and 18 mph.
Thursday Night
Partly cloudy, with a low around 59. Northwest wind between 10 and 14 mph.
Friday
Mostly sunny, with a high near 75. North wind around 14 mph.
Friday Night
Mostly clear, with a low around 59. North wind between 6 and 8 mph.
Saturday
Sunny, with a high near 77.
Saturday Night
Partly cloudy, with a low around 65.
Sunday
A chance of showers. Mostly cloudy, with a high near 77. Chance of precipitation is 30%.
Sunday Night
A chance of showers. Mostly cloudy, with a low around 66. Chance of precipitation is 30%.
Monday
Mostly sunny, with a high near 77.
Monday Night
Mostly clear, with a low around 65.
Tuesday
Mostly sunny, with a high near 77.
Tuesday Night
Partly cloudy, with a low around 61.
Wednesday
Mostly sunny, with a high near 74.

A2AD Newswire Weather Station NY10011 Document
A2AD Newswire - New York NY - Wed 08 Sep 2010
New York City Weather Station NY10011 SKYWARN Current Observation As Of Wed 08 Sep 2010. The current weather condition at Two Fifth Avenue, New York City New York, Latitude 40.74N and Longitude -74.01W is now observed as currently scattered clouds. The ambient, recorded outdoor temperature, in farenheit degrees, is now 75F, 24C, with an outdoor true real feel temperature of 64F, 18C, and the office, reported inside temperature is 72F, 22C. The psychrometer, relative humidity, reported in percentage, is 69%. The New York City plot vector averaged, wind direction and speed, compass degrees illustration where 360=north, 90=east, 180=south, 270=west, anemometer, measured in miles per hour, reported sighting is SW at 16, gusting to 24 mph, The wind chill is . Our barometric pressure status, reported in inches, is 1012 hPa, (29.87 in Hg). The Heat Index is reported as na. The visibility is now recorded as 10 miles , with an atmospheric ceiling of 999 feet, as indicated by the campus ceilometer. No fire watch or red flag warnings posted. No earthquake activity, special incidents or issues presented at this particular moment. The A2AD Newswire SKYWARN NY10011 Weather Station is located one hundred and seventy five feet above sea level . Sunrise is at: 6:29 AM. Sunset is at: 7:19 PM. It is week 36 of the year, and our Solar System Calculations find the position (phase) within the moon's cycle: 0.51988583410187, the phase name: New Moon, the percentage of lunar illumination is 0.4%, the days until the next full moon are: 14.18, the days until the next new moon are: 28.9, the days until the next first quarter moon are: 6.8, the days until the next last quarter moon are: 21.6, Moon phases for upcoming week: Wednesday: New Moon, Thursday: Waxing Crescent, Friday: Waxing Crescent, Saturday: Waxing Crescent, Sunday: Waxing Crescent, Monday: Waxing Crescent, Tuesday: Waxing Crescent, . Here is what happened on Wednesday, September 8th... It is the 250th day of the year, and there are 115 days left. FAMOUS PEOPLE BORN ON THIS DAY IN HISTORY... 1841, Anton Dvorak, composer. 1925, Peter Sellers, (not now, Kato.) HISTORIC EVENTS ON THIS DAY IN HISTORY... 1565, First permanent settlement in US founded at St Augustine, Florida. 1858, Lincoln makes a speech about when you can fool people. 1920, First US Air Mail service begins. 1921, The first Miss America Pagent takes place. 1924, Alexandra Kollontai of Russia becomes first woman ambassador. And Don't Forget... International Literacy Day. Groundhog Day 2010, 02 February, Punxsutawney Phil's 124th Official Prognostication at daybreak, 7:25AMET Punxsutawney Pennsylvania. In 2009, after casting a weathered eye toward thousands of his faithful followers Phil saw his shadow and proclaims there are six more weeks of winter, if he did not see his shadow there would have been an early spring. In 2010 Phil saw his shadow, predicting six more weeks of winter. Historically, the official trek to Gobbler's Knob, Punxsutawney PA, was made on 02 Feb 1887. Visit www.groundhog.org/ The spring solstice or vernal equinox is the day in spring when daytime and nightime are equal length, 20 March 2010 1:32 PM EDT. Summer Solstice, 21 June 7:28 AM EDT, when the Sun is at its highest path through the sky and the day is the longest. Because the day is so long the Sun does not rise exactly in the east, but rises to the north of east and sets to the north of west allowing it to be in the sky for a longer period of time. Autumnal Equinox Sep 22 2010 11:09 PM EDT, Winter Solstice Dec 21 2010 6:38 PM EST. A2AD Weather Station NY10011 now available for mobile viewing at a.a2ad.com - For our latest weather conditions on your mobile device text message WXNYC and send to 41411 for a report. Service available on the following wireless networks: AT&T, Verizon, Sprint, T-Mobile, Virgin & Alltel. Have A Wonderful Day - A2AD Weather Station NY10011 SKYWARN Team. Visit a2ad.com/wx/ ###

New York City 10011 UV Forecast
A2AD Newswire - New York NY - Wed 08 Sep 2010
New York City 10011 UV Forecast. The ozone layer shields the Earth from harmful ultraviolet (UV) radiation. Ozone depletion, as well as seasonal and weather variations, cause different amounts of UV radiation to reach the Earth at any given time. The UV Index, developed by the National Weather Service and EPA, indicates the strength of solar UV radiation on a scale from 1 (low) to 11+ (extremely high). UV index is the effective UV irradiance (1 unit equals 25 mW/m2) reaching the Earth's surface. NYC 10011 UV Seven Day Forecast: UVI forecast Wed 8 Sep 2010 is *5.7* - UVI forecast Thu 9 Sep 2010 is *5.2* - UVI forecast Fri 10 Sep 2010 is *5.3* - UVI forecast Sat 11 Sep 2010 is *6.0* - UVI forecast Sun 12 Sep 2010 is *5.9* - UVI forecast Mon 13 Sep 2010 is *5.7* - UVI forecast Tue 14 Sep 2010 is *5.7* - UV Index Level: >1-2 low >3-5 med >5-7 high >8-11 very high. Water and sand doubles strength. ###

New York City 10011 Air Quality Report
A2AD Newswire - New York NY - Wed 08 Sep 2010
NYC 10011 Current Air Quality Index AQI Rating twenty-four hour period ending Wed 08 Sep 2010 14:14:17 is now GOOD- The Health Message: NONE Cautionary Health Statements By Air Quality Index (AQI) Category: Good - > Moderate - Usually sensitive people should consider reducing prolonged or heavy exertion outdoors. > Unhealthy for Sensitive Groups - Active children and adults, and people with lung disease, such as asthma, should reduce prolonged or heavy exertion outdoors. > Unhealthy - Active children and adults, and people with lung disease, such as asthma, should avoid prolonged or heavy exertion outdoors. Everyone else, especially children, should reduce prolonged or heavy exertion outdoors. > Very Unhealthy - People with heart or lung disease, older adults, and children should avoid all physical activity outdoors. Everyone else should avoid prolonged or heavy exertion. > Hazardous - People with heart disease, such as angina, should avoid exertion and sources of CO, such as heavy traffic. Everyone else should reduce heavy exertion. Sapiens Qui Prospicit, 'Wise Is The Person Who Looks Ahead'. ###

New York City Harbor Weather Conditions
A2AD Newswire - New York NY - Wed 08 Sep 2010 -
New York Harbor Report: Wind Direction WSW 250 degrees, Wind Speed 15.5 kts.. Gust Speed 19.4 kts., Wave Height: 3 ft., Swell Period 7 sec., Air Temperature: 81.1F, Water Temperature: 73.8F. 40.369 N 73.703 W (40�22'10" N 73�42'10" W). Site elevation: sea level. Air temp height: 4 m. Anemometer height: 5 m. Barometer elevation: sea level. Sea temp depth: 0.6 m. Water depth: 50 m. Watch circle radius: 90 yards. Boating Alert: Right whales are active off New York. USCG recommends vessels reduce speeds below 10 knots, when consistent with safe navigation. Coastal Waters Five Day Forecast NEW YORK HARBOR 09 08 2010 13:09:10 - Wed Sep 8 2010 Montauk Point New York To Sandy Hook New Jersey Out 20 Nm Offshore Including Long Island Sound...long Island Bays And New York Harbor Anz338-090200- New York Harbor- 1022 Am Edt Wed Sep 8 2010 Small Craft Advisory In Effect Until 8 Pm Edt This Evening Today W Winds 15 To 20 Kt With Gusts Up To 25 Kt. Waves 1 To 2 Ft. Tonight Nw Winds 10 To 15 Kt With Gusts Up To 25 Kt Early...then Gusts Up To 20 Kt. Waves 1 To 2 Ft In The Evening...then 1 Ft Or Less. Thu Nw Winds 10 To 15 Kt With Gusts Up To 25 Kt. Waves 1 Ft Or Less. Thu Night Nw Winds 10 To 15 Kt. Waves 1 Ft Or Less. Fri Nw Winds 10 To 15 Kt. Waves 1 Ft Or Less. Fri Night Nw Winds 10 To 15 Kt...diminishing To 5 To 10 Kt After Midnight. Waves 1 Ft Or Less. Sat Nw Winds 5 To 10 Kt...becoming S. Waves 1 Ft Or Less. Sun S Winds 5 To 10 Kt...becoming Sw After Midnight. Waves 1 Ft Or Less. A Chance Of Showers Through The Night. 1 The National Parks of New York Harbor includes nearly 27,000 acres and welcomes more than 12 million visitors each year. Governors Island National Monument comprises 22 acres, including Fort Jay and Castle Williams. Currently, programs are offered during the summer. After being off-limits to the public since the Colonial era, Governors Island National Monument became part of the National Park Service in 2003. Gateway National Recreation Area offers unique National Park experiences in Brooklyn, Queens, Staten Island and Monmouth County, New Jersey. The Statue of Liberty National Monument and Ellis Island are two valuable destinations offered to visitors on the same tour. Boats depart from Liberty State Park in New Jersey and Battery Park at the southern tip of Manhattan. The National Parks of New York Harbor are within USDA Climate Zone 7, it is recommend layering clothes as weather can change quickly during the day. Summer days can be hot and humid. Winter days can be cold and windy. New York Harbor and coastal zones can be significantly cooler than temperatures in Manhattan. ###

New York Alerts And Warnings
New York State, Wed 08 Sep 2010
Short Term Forecast - Niagara (New York) . Short Term Forecast - Orleans (New York) . Short Term Forecast - Monroe (New York) . Short Term Forecast - Wayne (New York) . Short Term Forecast - Northern Cayuga (New York) . Short Term Forecast - Oswego (New York) . Short Term Forecast - Jefferson (New York) . Short Term Forecast - Lewis (New York) . Short Term Forecast - Northern Oneida (New York) . Short Term Forecast - Northern Erie (New York) . Short Term Forecast - Genesee (New York) . Short Term Forecast - Wyoming (New York) . Short Term Forecast - Livingston (New York) . Short Term Forecast - Ontario (New York) . Short Term Forecast - Yates (New York) . Visit weather.gov/ ###

World Earthquake Report
As Of Wed 08 Sep 2010. M 3.1, Baja California, Mexico M 5.5, Kuril Islands M 2.5, Baja California, Mexico M 4.9, Tarapaca, Chile M 2.9, Island of Hawaii, Hawaii M 4.6, Michoacan, Mexico M 2.8, Southern California M 4.7, southern Iran M 6.2, Vanuatu M 5.0, Bougainville region, Papua New Guinea . Visit earthquake.usgs.gov/ ###

Tsunami Warning
West Coast and Alaska, Wed 08 Sep 2010 - SEAK71 PAAQ 070557 EQIAKX TSUNAMI SEISMIC INFORMATION STATEMENT NWS WEST COAST/ALASKA TSUNAMI WARNING CENTER PALMER AK 957 PM AKDT MON SEP 6 2010 ...THIS IS AN INFORMATION STATEMENT... EVALUATION AN EARTHQUAKE HAS OCCURRED WITH A MAGNITUDE SUCH THAT A TSUNAMI WILL NOT BE GENERATED. THIS WILL BE THE ONLY WCATWC MESSAGE ISSUED FOR THIS EVENT. PRELIMINARY EARTHQUAKE PARAMETERS MAGNITUDE - 4.2 TIME - 2154 AKDT SEP 06 2010 2254 PDT SEP 06 2010 0554 UTC SEP 07 2010 LOCATION - 57.0 NORTH 151.8 WEST 55 MILES/89 KM SE OF KODIAK CITY ALASKA 295 MILES/475 KM SW OF ANCHORAGE ALASKA DEPTH - 19 MILES/31 KM THE LOCATION AND MAGNITUDE ARE BASED ON PRELIMINARY INFORMATION. FURTHER INFORMATION WILL BE ISSUED BY THE UNITED STATES GEOLOGICAL SURVEY - EARTHQUAKE.USGS.GOV - OR THE APPROPRIATE REGIONAL SEISMIC NETWORK. $$ . Visit earthquake.usgs.gov/ ###

Weather News Syndication
A2AD Newswire - New York NY - Wed 08 Sep 2010
A2AD Newswire, Wed 08 Sep 2010. Weather News. Tropical Storm Igor forms in the Atlantic . Tropical Storm Igor forms over eastern Atlantic . Hermine swamps Texas, prompts search for victims . Weeks of rains leave thousands homeless in Mexico . Colorado seeks help to douse wildfires . The nation's weather . Democrats Face GOP Election Day Tsunami in House, Senate . Pakistan floods wipe out more than 1 million animals – and farmers' livelihoods . Hermine lashes south Texas, 3 other storms possible . Igor, 2 other tropical systems no threat to Gulf of Mexico . Hermine slams northeast Mexico, swirls into US . Erratic global weather threatens food security . Tropical Storm Hermine crosses into Texas . Floods threaten hundreds more Australian homes . Death toll rises to 45 in Guatemala mudslides . Guatemala resumes rescue work after landslide . In wake of Earl, U.S. eyes other potential storms . 'National tragedy' in Guatemala as landslides kill dozens . Earl loses tropical storm status after soaking Canada . As a Hurricane, Earl Looked Like 'Magnificent Chaos' From Space . ###

New York City 10011 Pollen Forecast
A2AD Newswire - New York NY - Wed 08 Sep 2010
A2AD Weather Newswire, NYC 10011 Pollen Forecast 09-08-2010 14:09 *MEDIUM-HIGH* - Allergy Index Level: low, low-med, med, med-high, high. The weather plays a significant role when it comes to seasonal allergies. The Pollen Season can vary from year to year depending on weather factors. Wind plays a large role in determining how much your allergies will act up. Windy conditions cause greater pollen and mold distribution and that leads to an increase in allergy symptoms. Plant pollens carried by the wind are the cause of most nose, eye, and lung allergic reactions. Hay fever sufferers seem to be especially affected by windy, dry conditions. Rain can bring welcome relief for allergy sufferers, if it rains heavy enough. Light rain does little to reduce the pollen in the air, a good heavy rain can clean the air for the hours during and after it falls. In the springtime, rain can help reduce tree pollen counts. However, wet conditions trigger grass growth, and consequently, more grass pollen in the late spring and early summer. Rain in the fall or winter can lead to greater tree pollen counts the following spring. Air pollution has been shown to worsen allergies and asthma symptoms. Recent research has also shown that ozone can cause a chronic inflammation of the airways for asthma sufferers. The effects of pollutants are usually not felt by those affected until one or two days after exposure. Some scientists also believe that exposure to diesel engine exhaust can increase a person's sensitivity to pollen or dust mites. The onset of cooler weather can be bad news for some asthma and eczema sufferers. A sudden drop in temperature can trigger asthma attacks while colder, drier weather often makes atopic eczema worse. Fluctuating winter temperatures can also cause cold-induced urticaria, or hives. Hives can develop when skin is exposed to cold or warmed after exposure to cold. On a positive note, a late season freeze following a mild winter can reduce a tree's pollen production. A mild winter can cause trees to pollinate earlier and could bring an early start to the allergy season. Mild and warm weather that continues in the spring also can increase pollen counts. Mild winters can also cause misery for those allergic to mold. A combination of mild weather and rains can lead to an increase in mold spore counts. A sudden increase in temperature can trigger asthma attacks. Pollens are tiny egg-shaped powdery grains released from flowering plants, which are carried by the wind or insects, and serve to cross-pollinate other plants of the same type for reproductive purposes. When pollen is present in the air, it can land in a person's eyes, nose, lungs, and on their skin to set up an allergic reaction. A seasonal allergy is an allergic reaction to a trigger that is typically only present for part of a year, such as spring or fall. This type of allergy refers to a pollen allergy, such as trees, weeds, and grasses. Perennial allergies, on the other hand, are usually present year-round, and include allergens such as pet dander and house dust mite. Molds can be a seasonal or perennial allergy trigger. Pollen can travel long distances and the levels in the air can vary from day to day. The pollen level can be quite different in various areas of a particular city or area. Levels of pollen tend to be highest from early morning to mid-morning, from 5 a.m. to 10 a.m. Spring allergies are a result of pollen from trees, which can start pollinating anytime from January to April, depending on the climate and location. Trees that are known to cause severe allergies include oak, olive, elm, birch, ash, hickory, poplar, sycamore, maple, cypress, and walnut. In some areas of the world, some weeds will also pollinate in the springtime. Grass pollen is typically the main cause of late spring and early summer allergies. Grass pollen is highest at these times. However, grass may cause allergies through much of the year if someone is mowing the lawn or lying in the grass. In conclusion, the discomfort hayfever sufferers experience during the late winter through fall allergy season is created by allergic reactions to various types of grass, weed and tree pollen, and mold spores. ###

National Tornado/Severe Thunderstorm Watches
A2AD Newswire, Wed 08 Sep 2010. .

SPC - No watches are valid as of Wed Sep 8 01:01:22 UTC 2010
No watches are valid as of Wed Sep 8 01:01:22 UTC 2010.
(SKYWARN NY10011)

###

Hurricane Report
A2AD Newswire, Wed 08 Sep 2010.

Tropical Storm IGOR Public Advisory Number 1A
Issued at 200 PM AST WED SEP 08 2010
Tropical Storm IGOR Forecast/Advisory Number 1
Issued at 1500 UTC WED SEP 08 2010
Tropical Storm IGOR Forecast Discussion Number 1
Issued at 1100 AM AST WED SEP 08 2010
Tropical Storm IGOR Wind Speed Probabilities Number 1
Issued at 1500 UTC WED SEP 08 2010
Tropical Storm IGOR Graphics

5-Day Uncertainty Track last updated Wed, 08 Sep 2010 17:37:35 GMT

Wind Speed Probabilities last updated Wed, 08 Sep 2010 15:07:28 GMT
Tropical Storm IGOR 5-Day Track, Uncertainty Cone, Warnings (.shp)
GIS Data last updated Wed, 08 Sep 2010 17:36:50 GMT
Tropical Storm IGOR Best Track Information (.shp)
GIS Data last updated Wed, 08 Sep 2010 14:58:44 GMT
Tropical Storm IGOR Best Track Information (.kmz)
GIS Data last updated Wed, 08 Sep 2010 14:58:44 GMT
Tropical Storm IGOR Forecast Information (.shp)
GIS Data last updated Wed, 08 Sep 2010 14:58:45 GMT
Tropical Storm IGOR Wind Speed Probabilities - 0.5 Degree Multiple Basins (.shp)
GIS Data last updated Wed, 08 Sep 2010 15:09:05 GMT
Tropical Storm IGOR Wind Speed Probabilities - 0.1 Degree Multiple Basins (.shp)
GIS Data last updated Wed, 08 Sep 2010 15:09:21 GMT
Tropical Depression HERMINE Public Advisory Number 11
The NHC has issued its final advisory on this system. Public Advisories from the Hydrometeorological Prediction Center will provide updates as long as the system remains a flood threat. Issued at 1000 AM CDT WED SEP 08 2010
Atlantic Tropical Weather Outlook

000
ABNT20 KNHC 081751
TWOAT
TROPICAL WEATHER OUTLOOK
NWS TPC/NATIONAL HURRICANE CENTER MIAMI FL
200 PM EDT WED SEP 8 2010

FOR THE NORTH ATLANTIC...CARIBBEAN SEA AND THE GULF OF MEXICO...

THE NATIONAL HURRICANE CENTER IS ISSUING ADVISORIES ON TROPICAL
STORM IGOR...LOCATED ABOUT 80 MILES SOUTH OF PRAIA IN THE CAPE
VERDE ISLANDS.

THE HYDROMETEOROLOGICAL PREDICTION CENTER IS ISSUING PUBLIC
ADVISORIES ON TROPICAL DEPRESSION HERMINE...CURRENTLY LOCATED
INLAND ABOUT 120 MILES WEST OF DALLAS TEXAS.

THE REMNANTS OF GASTON...LOCATED A COUPLE HUNDRED MILES SOUTH OF
THE DOMINICAN REPUBLIC...ARE PRODUCING DISORGANIZED SHOWER AND
THUNDERSTORM ACTIVITY. DEVELOPMENT OF THIS SYSTEM IS NOT EXPECTED
AS IT MOVES WESTWARD OR WEST-SOUTHWESTWARD AT 10 TO 15 MPH. THERE
IS A LOW CHANCE...NEAR 0 PERCENT...OF THIS SYSTEM BECOMING A
TROPICAL CYCLONE AGAIN DURING THE NEXT 48 HOURS.

DISORGANIZED SHOWERS AND THUNDERSTORMS IN THE VICINITY OF THE
WINDWARD ISLANDS ARE ASSOCIATED WITH A WEAK AREA OF LOW PRESSURE.
DEVELOPMENT...IF ANY...IS EXPECTED TO BE SLOW TO OCCUR AS THE
SYSTEM MOVES WEST-NORTHWESTWARD AT 5 TO 10 MPH. THERE IS A LOW
CHANCE...10 PERCENT...OF THIS SYSTEM BECOMING A TROPICAL CYCLONE
DURING THE NEXT 48 HOURS.

A WEAK LOW PRESSURE SYSTEM IS LOCATED ABOUT A HUNDRED MILES EAST OF
THE NORTHERN CAPE VERDE ISLANDS. THIS LOW IS EXPECTED TO MOVE
WESTWARD AND BECOME ABSORBED BY IGOR IN A DAY OR TWO. THERE IS A
LOW CHANCE...10 PERCENT...OF THIS SYSTEM BECOMING A TROPICAL
CYCLONE DURING THE NEXT 48 HOURS.

ELSEWHERE...TROPICAL CYCLONE FORMATION IS NOT EXPECTED DURING THE
NEXT 48 HOURS.

PUBLIC ADVISORIES ON IGOR ARE ISSUED UNDER WMO HEADER
WTNT31 KNHC AND UNDER AWIPS HEADER MIATCPAT5.
FORECAST/ADVISORIES ON IGOR ARE ISSUED UNDER WMO HEADER
WTNT21 KNHC AND UNDER AWIPS HEADER MIATCMAT5.

$$
FORECASTER BLAKE/PASCH

(SKYWARN NY10011)

###

Hurricane Season Runs From June To November
A2AD Newswire - New York NY - Wed 08 Sep 2010
A2AD Newswire, Wed 08 Sep 2010. Hurricane Season Runs From June To November. Atlantic Hurricane Names 2010: Alex Bonnie Colin Danielle Earl Fiona Gaston Hermine Igor Julia Karl Lisa Matthew Nicole Otto Paula Richard Shary Tomas Virginie Walter. Names are recycled every 6 years. Past Influential hurricanes have had their names retired: Agnes - 1972 Alicia - 1983 Allen - 1980 Allison - 2001 Andrew - 1992 Anita - 1977 Audrey - 1957 Betsy - 1965 Beulah - 1967 Bob - 1991 Camille - 1969 Carla - 1961 Carmen - 1974 Carol - 1954 Celia - 1970 Cesar - 1996 Charley - 2004 Cleo - 1964 Connie - 1955 David - 1979 Dennis - 2005 Diana - 1990 Diane - 1955 Donna - 1960 Dora - 1964 Edna - 1968 Elena - 1985 Eloise - 1975 Fabian - 2003 Fifi - 1974 Flora - 1963 Floyd - 1999 Fran - 1996 Frances - 2004 Frederic - 1979 Georges - 1998 Gilbert - 1988 Gloria - 1985 Hattie - 1961 Hazel - 1954 Hilda - 1964 Hortense - 1996 Hugo - 1989 Inez - 1966 Ione - 1955 Iris - 2001 Isabel - 2003 Isidore - 2002 Ivan - 2004 Janet - 1955 Jeanne - 2004 Joan - 1988 Juan - 2003 Katrina - 2005 Keith - 2000 Klaus - 1990 Lenny - 1999 Lili - 2002 Luis - 1995 Marilyn - 1995 Michelle - 2001 Mitch - 1998 Opal - 1995 Rita - 2005 Roxanne - 1995 Stan - 2005 Wilma - 2005.

Hurricane Strength Ratings - The Saffir-Simpson Scale
Type: Depression Category TD, Pressure (mb)- Winds(knots) < 34, Winds(mph) < 39. Tropical Storm Category TS, Pressure (mb)- Winds(knots)34-63, Winds(mph) 39-73. Hurricane Category 1, Pressure (mb) >980, Winds(knots) 64-82, Winds(mph) 74-95. Hurricane Category 2, Pressure (mb) 965-980, Winds(knots) 83-95, Winds(mph) 96-110. Hurricane Category 3, Pressure (mb) 945-965, Winds(knots) 96-112, Winds(mph) 111-130. Hurricane Category 4, Pressure (mb) 920-945, Winds(knots) 113-135, Winds(mph) 131-155. Hurricane Category 5, Pressure (mb)< 920, Winds(knots) >135, Winds(mph) >155. NOTE: Pressures are in millibars and winds are in knots where one knot is equal to 1.15 mph. Visit www.a2ad.com/wx/ ###

Hurricane Preparedness Week
A2AD Newswire - New York NY - Wed 08 Sep 2010
The goal of this Hurricane Preparedness Week is to inform the public about the hurricane hazards and provide knowledge which can be used to take ACTION. This information can be used to save lives at work, home, while on the road, or on the water. http://www.nhc.noaa.gov/ ###

Rip Current Risk Forecast
A2AD Newswire - New York NY - Wed 08 Sep 2010
Rip Current Risk Forecast. RIP CURRENT AWARENESS WEEK 06-12 June 2010. NJ Beach Riptide Current Risk 09-08-2010 is LOW. Ocean Surf Rip Risk: low, moderate, high. Rip Current Outlooks use the following, three-tiered set of qualifiers: Low Risk of rip currents. Wind and/or wave conditions are not expected to support the development of rip currents; however, rip currents can sometimes occur, especially in the vicinity of groins, jetties, and piers. Know how to swim and heed the advice of lifeguards. Moderate Risk of rip currents. Wind and/or wave conditions support stronger or more frequent rip currents. Only experienced surf swimmers should enter the water. High Risk of rip currents. Wind and/or wave conditions support dangerous rip currents. Rip currents are life-threatening to anyone entering the surf. When you arrive at the beach, speak with on-duty lifeguards about rip currents and all other water conditions expected for the day. Rip currents are channels of fast-moving water that can pull even seasoned swimmers away from shore. Panic and exhaustion can cause victims to drown. Rushing at speeds of up to eight feet per second, rip currents can move faster than an Olympic swimmer and quickly overpower its victim. To �Break the Grip of the Rip�,� those caught should swim in a direction following the shoreline until out of the current�s reach, then swim at an angle toward shore. Swimmers are advised to remain in the view of a lifeguard and heed all warnings before entering and while in the water. Rip Current Safety Tips: Learn how to swim. When at the beach: Whenever possible, swim at a lifeguard-protected beach. Never swim alone. Learn how to swim in the surf. It's not the same as swimming in a pool or lake. Be cautious at all times, especially when swimming at unguarded beaches. If in doubt, don�t go out. Obey all instructions and orders from lifeguards. Lifeguards are trained to identify potential hazards. Ask a lifeguard about the conditions before entering the water. This is part of their job. Stay at least 100 feet away from piers and jetties. Permanent rip currents often exist along side these structures. Consider using polarized sunglasses when at the beach. They will help you to spot signatures of rip currents by cutting down glare and reflected sunlight off the ocean�s surface. Pay especially close attention to children and elderly when at the beach. Even in shallow water, wave action can cause loss of footing. If caught in a rip current: Remain calm to conserve energy and think clearly. Never fight against the current. Think of it like a treadmill that cannot be turned off, which you need to step to the side of. Swim out of the current in a direction following the shoreline. When out of the current, swim at an angle--away from the current--towards shore. If you are unable to swim out of the rip current, float or calmly tread water. When out of the current, swim towards shore. If you are still unable to reach shore, draw attention to yourself by waving your arm and yelling for help. If you see someone in trouble, don't become a victim too: Get help from a lifeguard. If a lifeguard is not available, have someone call 9-1-1. Throw the rip current victim something that floats--a lifejacket, a cooler, an inflatable ball. Yell instructions on how to escape. Remember, many people drown while trying to save someone else from a rip current. ###

Space Weather Report
A2AD Newswire - New York NY - Wed 08 Sep 2010
Space Weather Observations, Alerts, and Forecast 3-day Solar-Geophysical Forecast issued Sep 07 22:00 UTC Solar Activity Forecast: Solar activity is expected to be very low with a slight chance for a C-class x-ray event on days one and two (08-09 September). Solar activity is expected to be very low on day three (10 September) as Region 1105 (N19W77) rotates off the visible disk. Geophysical Activity Forecast: The geomagnetic field is expected to be predominately quiet to unsettled with a slight chance for isolated active periods during days one and two (08-09 September), due to enhanced solar wind velocity. Day three (10 September) is expected to be quiet as the solar wind speed is forecast to subside. Space Weather addresses sunspots and other phenomena affecting radio and satellite reception. ###

A2AD Professional Wireless Data Logging Weather Station
A2AD Newswire - New York NY - Wed 08 Sep 2010
A2AD Professional Wireless Data Logging Personal Weather Station - Wind Sensor - Sensor Shelter - Rain Gauge - Experience the Benefit of Live Local Weather at your location. The benefit of up-to-the-second weather monitoring is having access to current, location specific weather to aid in planning or risk assessment during weather events. Commercial Grade Components - Built to withstand all kinds of weather, the A2AD Weather Station is easily installed on the roof of the facility. Its live weather data feeds into the popular weather networks and is made instantaneously available to communities, business operations, or emergency management offices through free applications. The A2AD Weather Station includes: TOLL-FREE Weather Station Support Hotline. Wind Sensor: Records wind speed and direction, including gusts. Sensor Shelter: Records numerous weather parameters, including temperature, relative humidity, heat index, barometric pressure and more. Rain Gauge: Measures and records hourly, daily, monthly, and yearly rainfall accumulation and rain rate. Digital Display: Easy-to-read indoor digital display showing your current weather condition readings from your weather station. A2AD Data Appliance: Data logger transmitters and with receiver that store and processes weather data with USB cable interface. Free software for data and publishing data to you internet website. Additional Options Include: A2AD Lightning Sensor Provides high efficiency detection of Intracloud and Cloud-to-Ground lightning utilizing the Lightning Network (LN). Total lightning detection is critical for advanced prediction and forecasting of severe weather. A2AD HD Cam Delivers clear, high definition images of storms and systems in full 16:9 aspect ratio. A2AD MotionCam Takes images of local weather conditions and other subjects updated every five minutes, with the ability to pan, tilt and zoom. BUY Weather Station NOW ###

United States Daily National Temperature Extremes
A2AD Newswire - New York NY - Wed 08 Sep 2010
The US Daily National Temperature Extremes Farenheit Degrees Yesterday Tue 07 Sep 2010:
HIGH TUE...114 AT DEATH VALLEY CA LOW TUE...18 AT WEST YELLOWSTONE MT State Coolest Temperature Records: Alabama -27 JAN 30 1966. Alaska -80 JAN 23 1971. Arizona -40 JAN 7 1971. Arkansas -29 FEB 13 1905. California -45 JAN 20 1937. Colorado -61 FEB 1 1985. Connecticut -32 FEB 16 1943. Delaware -17 JAN 17 1893. Florida - 2 FEB 13 1899. Georgia -17 JAN 27 1940. Hawaii 12 MAY 17 1979. Idaho -60 JAN 18 1943. Illinois -36 JAN 5 1999. Indiana -36 JAN 19 1994. Iowa -47 FEB 3 1996. Kansas -40 FEB 13 1905. Kentucky -37 JAN 19 1994. Louisiana -16 FEB 13 1899. Maine -48 JAN 19 1925. Maryland -40 JAN 13 1912. Massachusetts -35 JAN 12 1981. Michigan -51 FEB 9 1934. Minnesota -60 FEB 2 1996. Mississippi -19 JAN 30 1966. Missouri -40 FEB 13 1905. Montana -70 JAN 20 1954. Nebraska -47 FEB 12 1899. Nevada -50 JAN 8 1937. New Hampshire -47 JAN 29 1934. New Jersey -34 JAN 5 1904. New Mexico -50 FEB 1 1951. New York -52 FEB 18 1979. North Carolina -34 JAN 21 1985. North Dakota -60 FEB 15 1936. Ohio -39 FEB 10 1899. Oklahoma -27 JAN 18 1930. Oregon -54 FEB 10 1933. Pennsylvania -42 JAN 5 1904. Rhode Island -25 FEB 5 1996. South Carolina -19 JAN 21 1985. South Dakota -58 FEB 17 1936. Tennessee -32 DEC 30 1917. Texas -23 FEB 8 1933. Utah -69 FEB 1 1985. Vermont -50 DEC 30 1933. Virginia -30 JAN 22 1985. Washington -48 DEC 30 1968. West Virginia -37 DEC 30 1917. Wisconsin -55 FEB 4 1996. Wyoming -66 FEB 9 1933. State Highest Temperature Records: Alabama 112 SEP 5 1925. Alaska 100 JUN 27 1915. Arizonia 128 JUN 29 1994. Arkansas 120 AUG 10 1936. California 134 JUL 10 1913. Colorado 118 JUL 11 1888. Connecticut 106 JUL15 1995. Delaware 110 JUL 21 1930. Florida 109 JUN 29 1931. Georgia 112 JUL 24 1952. Hawaii 100 APR271931. Idaho 118 JUL 28 1934. Illinois 117 JUL 14 1954. Indianna 116 JUL 14 1936. Iowa 118 JUL 20 1934. Kansas 121 JUL 24 1936. Kentucky 114 JUL 28 1930. Louisiana 114 AUG 10 1936. Maine 105 JUL 10 1911. Maryland 109 JUL 10 1936. Massachusetts 107 AUG 2 1975. Michigan 112 JUL 13 1936. Minnesota 114 JUL 6 1936. Mississippi 115 JUL 29 1930. Missouri 118 JUL 14 1954. Montana 117 JUL 5 1937. Nebraska 118 JUL 24 1936. Nevada 125 JUN 29 1994. New Hampshire 106 JUL 4 1911. New Jersey 110 JUL 10 1936. New Mexico 122 JUN 27 1994. New York 108 JUL 22 1926. North Carolina 110 AUG 21 1983. North Dakota 121 JUL 6 1936. Ohio 113 JUL 21 1934. Oklahoma 120 JUN 27 1994. Oregon 119 AUG 10 1898. Pennsylvania 111 JUL 10 1936. Rhode Island 104 AUG 2 1975. South Carolina 111 JUN 28 1954. South Dakota 120 JUL 15 2006. Tennessee 113 AUG 9 1930. Texas 120 AUG 12 1936. Utah 117 JUL 5 1985. Vermont 105 JUL 4 1911. Virginia 110 JUL 15 1954. Washington 118 AUG 5 1961. West Virginia 112 JUL 10 1936. Wisconsin 114 JUL 13 1936. Wyoming 116 AUG 8 1983. The coolest two statewide high records are Alaska and Rhode Island. The highest statewide records are from desert locations in California, Arizona and Nevada. The highest statewide temperature, 134� on July 10, 1913 in Death Valley, CA, is also the official highest temperature in the Western Hemisphere. The world's highest official temperature is 136� recorded at El Azizia, Libya, on Sept. 13, 1922. ###

Tornado Information And Safety Tips
A2AD Newswire - New York NY - Wed 08 Sep 2010
A2AD Newswire, Wed 08 Sep 2010. Tornado Safety Tips BEFORE A TORNADO: Have a disaster plan. Make sure everyone knows where to go in case a tornado threatens. Make sure you know which county or parish you live in. Prepare a disaster supplies kit for your home and car. Include a first aid kit, canned food and a can opener, bottled water, battery-operated radio, flashlight, protective clothing and written instructions on how to turn off electricity, gas, and water. DURING A TORNADO: Go to a basement. If you do not have a basement, go to an interior room without windows on the lowest floor such as a bathroom or closet. If you can, get under a sturdy piece of furniture, like a table. If you live in a mobile home get out. They offer little protection against tornadoes. Get out of automobiles. Do not try to outrun a tornado in your car, leave it immediately. If you�re outside, go to a ditch or low lying area and lie flat in it. Stay away from fallen power lines and stay out of damaged areas. IF YOU�RE AT SCHOOL DURING A TORNADO: Every school should have a disaster plan and have frequent drills. Basements offer the best protection. Schools without basements should use interior rooms and hallways on the lowest floor away from windows. Crouch down on your knees and protect your head with your arms. AFTER A TORNADO: Stay indoors until it is safe to come out. Check for injured or trapped people, without putting yourself in danger. Watch out for downed power lines. Use a flashlight to inspect your home. Fujita Scale of Tornado Intensity defining SCALE, WIND SPEED, POSSIBLE DAMAGE: F0 < 40-72 mph Light damage: Branches broken off trees; minor roof damage. 65-85 mph F1 < 73-112 mph Moderate damage: Trees snapped; mobile home pushed off foundations; roofs damaged. 86-110 mph F2 < 113-157 mph Considerable damage: Mobile homes demolished; trees uprooted; strong built homes unroofed. 111-135 mph F3 < 158-206 mph Severe damage: Trains overturned; cars lifted off the ground; strong built homes have outside walls blown away. 136-165 mph F4 < 207-260 mph Devastating damage: Houses leveled leaving piles of debris; cars thrown 300 yards or more in the air. 166-200 mph F5 < 261-318 mph Incredible damage: Strongly built homes completely blown away; automobile-sized missiles generated.

TORNADO WATCH - Tornadoes are possible in your area. Stay tuned to the radio or television news. TORNADO WARNING - A tornado is either on the ground or has been detected by Doppler radar. Seek shelter immediately! What is a tornado: A tornado is a violent rotating column of air extending from a thunderstorm to the ground. The most violent tornadoes are capable of tremendous destruction with wind speeds of up to 300 mph. They can destroy large buildings, uproot trees and hurl vehicles hundreds of yards. They can also drive straw into trees. Damage paths can be in excess of one mile wide to 50 miles long. In an average year, 1000 tornadoes are reported nationwide. How do tornadoes form: Most tornadoes form from thunderstorms. You need warm, moist air from the Gulf of Mexico and cool, dry air from Canada. When these two air masses meet, they create instability in the atmosphere. A change in wind direction and an increase in wind speed with increasing height creates an invisible, horizontal spinning effect in the lower atmosphere. Rising air within the updraft tilts the rotating air from horizontal to vertical. An area of rotation, 2-6 miles wide, now extends through much of the storm. Most strong and violent tornadoes form within this area of strong rotation. What is a funnel cloud: A funnel cloud is a rotating cone-shaped column of air extending downward from the base of a thunderstorm, but not touching the ground. When it reaches the ground it is called a tornado. What is a supercell thunderstorm: A supercell thunderstorm is a long-lived thunderstorm whose updrafts and downdrafts are in near balance. These storms have the greatest tendency to produce tornadoes that stay on the ground for long periods of time. Supercell thunderstorms can produce violent tornadoes with winds exceeding 200 mph. What is a wall cloud: A wall cloud is an abrupt lowering of a rain-free cumulonimbus base into a low-hanging accessory cloud. A wall cloud is usually situated in the southwest portion of the storm. A rotating wall cloud usually develops before tornadoes or funnel clouds. What is a waterspout: A waterspout is just a weak tornado that forms over water. They are most common along the Gulf Coast. Waterspouts can sometimes move inland, becoming tornadoes causing damage and injuries. What is hail: Hail is created when small water droplets are caught in the updraft of a thunderstorm. These water droplets are lifted higher and higher into the sky until they freeze into ice. Once they become heavy, they will start to fall. If the smaller hailstones get caught in the updraft again, they will get more water on them and get lifted higher in the sky and get bigger. Once they get lifted again, they freeze and fall. This happens over and over again until the hailstone is too heavy and then falls to the ground. What is a gustnado: A gustnado is a short-lived, relatively weak whirlwind that forms along a gust front. A gust front is the surge of very gusty winds at the leading edge of a thunderstorm's outflow of air. Gustnadoes are not tornadoes. They do not connect with any cloud-base rotation. But because gustnadoes often have a spinning dust cloud at ground level, they are sometimes wrongly reported as tornadoes. Gustnadoes can do minor damage. What is a landspout: A landspout is a very weak tornado that is not associated with a wall cloud or a mesocyclone. It is the land equivalent of a waterspout. When are tornadoes most likely to occur: Tornadoes can happen at any time of the year and at any time of the day. In the southern states, peak tornado season is from March through May. Peak times for tornadoes in the northern states are during the summer. A few southern states have a second peak time for tornado outbreaks in the fall. Tornadoes are most likely to occur between 3 p.m. and 9 p.m. Where are tornadoes most likely to occur: The geography of the central part of the United States, known as the Great Plains, is suited to bring all of the ingredients together to forms tornadoes. More than 500 tornadoes typically occur in this area every year and is why it is commonly known as "Tornado Alley". Visit www.a2ad.com/wx/ ###

Sunspot Is Harbinger Of New Solar Cycle - Risk for Electrical Systems
A2AD Newswire - New York NY - Wed 08 Sep 2010
A2AD Newswire, Wed 08 Sep 2010. NOAA: Sunspot is Harbinger of New Solar Cycle, Increasing Risk for Electrical Systems. A new 11-year cycle of heightened solar activity, bringing with it increased risks for power grids, critical military, civilian and airline communications, GPS signals and even cell phones and ATM transactions, showed signs it was on its way late yesterday when the cycles first sunspot appeared in the suns Northern Hemisphere, NOAA scientists said. This sunspot is like the first robin of spring, said solar physicist Douglas Biesecker of NOAAs Space Weather Prediction Center. In this case, its an early omen of solar storms that will gradually increase over the next few years. A sunspot is an area of highly organized magnetic activity on the surface of the sun. The new 11-year cycle, called Solar Cycle 24, is expected to build gradually, with the number of sunspots and solar storms reaching a maximum by 2011 or 2012, though devastating storms can occur at any time. During a solar storm, highly charged material ejected from the sun may head toward Earth, where it can bring down power grids, disrupt critical communications, and threaten astronauts with harmful radiation. Storms can also knock out commercial communications satellites and swamp Global Positioning System signals. Routine activities such as talking on a cell phone or getting money from an ATM machine could suddenly halt over a large part of the globe. Our growing dependence on highly sophisticated, space-based technologies means we are far more vulnerable to space weather today than in the past, said Vice Admiral Conrad C. Lautenbacher, Jr., under secretary of commerce for oceans and atmosphere and NOAA administrator. NOAAs space weather monitoring and forecasts are critical for the nations ability to function smoothly during solar disturbances. SWPC is the nations first alert for solar activity and its effects on Earth. The centers space weather forecasters issue outlooks for the next 11-year solar season and warn of individual storms occurring on the sun that could impact Earth. SWPC is one of NOAAs nine National Centers for Environmental Prediction and is also the warning agency of the International Space Environment Service (ISES), a consortium of 11 member nations. The National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, an agency of the U.S. Commerce Department, is dedicated to enhancing economic security and national safety through the prediction and research of weather and climate-related events and information service delivery for transportation, and by providing environmental stewardship of our nation's coastal and marine resources. Through the emerging Global Earth Observation System of Systems (GEOSS), NOAA is working with its federal partners, more than 70 countries and the European Commission to develop a global monitoring network that is as integrated as the planet it observes, predicts and protects. Visit www.noaa.gov/ ###

NOAA Expects Busy Atlantic Hurricane Season 2010
A2AD Newswire - New York NY - Wed 08 Sep 2010
A2AD Newswire, Wed 08 Sep 2010. NOAA Expects Busy Atlantic Hurricane Season 2010. An �active to extremely active� hurricane season is expected for the Atlantic Basin this year according to the seasonal outlook issued by NOAA�s Climate Prediction Center � a division of the National Weather Service. As with every hurricane season, this outlook underscores the importance of having a hurricane preparedness plan in place. Across the entire Atlantic Basin for the six-month season, which begins June 1, NOAA is projecting a 70 percent probability of the following ranges: 14 to 23 Named Storms (top winds of 39 mph or higher), including: 8 to 14 Hurricanes (top winds of 74 mph or higher), of which: 3 to 7 could be Major Hurricanes (Category 3, 4 or 5; winds of at least 111 mph) �If this outlook holds true, this season could be one of the more active on record,� said Jane Lubchenco, Ph.D., under secretary of commerce for oceans and atmosphere and NOAA administrator. �The greater likelihood of storms brings an increased risk of a landfall. In short, we urge everyone to be prepared.� The outlook ranges exceed the seasonal average of 11 named storms, six hurricanes and two major hurricanes. Expected factors supporting this outlook are: Upper atmospheric winds conducive for storms. Wind shear, which can tear apart storms, will be weaker since El Nino in the eastern Pacific has dissipated. Strong wind shear helped suppress storm development during the 2009 hurricane season. Warm Atlantic Ocean water. Sea surface temperatures are expected to remain above average where storms often develop and move across the Atlantic. Record warm temperatures � up to four degrees Fahrenheit above average � are now present in this region. High activity era continues. Since 1995, the tropical multi-decadal signal has brought favorable ocean and atmospheric conditions in sync, leading to more active hurricane seasons. Eight of the last 15 seasons rank in the top ten for the most named storms with 2005 in first place with 28 named storms. �The main uncertainty in this outlook is how much above normal the season will be. Whether or not we approach the high end of the predicted ranges depends partly on whether or not La Nina develops this summer,� said Gerry Bell, Ph.D., lead seasonal hurricane forecaster at NOAA�s Climate Prediction Center. �At present we are in a neutral state, but conditions are becoming increasingly favorable for La Nina to develop.� Visit www.noaa.gov/ ###

El Nino's Last Stand 2010
A2AD Newswire - New York NY - Wed 08 Sep 2010
A2AD Newswire, Wed 08 Sep 2010. El Nino's Last Stand 2010. El Nino 2009-2010 just keeps hanging in there. Recent sea-level height data from the NASA/European Ocean Surface Topography Mission/Jason-2 oceanography satellite show that a large-scale, sustained weakening of trade winds in the western and central equatorial Pacific during late-January through February has triggered yet another strong, eastward-moving wave of warm water, known as a Kelvin wave. Now in the central and eastern equatorial Pacific, this warm wave appears as the large area of higher-than-normal sea surface heights (warmer-than-normal sea surface temperatures) between 150 degrees west and 100 degrees west longitude. A series of similar, weaker events that began in June 2009 initially triggered and has sustained the present El Nino condition. JPL oceanographer Bill Patzert says it's too soon to know for sure, but he would not be surprised if this latest and largest Kelvin wave is the 'last hurrah' for this long-lasting El Nino. "Since June 2009, this El Nino has waxed and waned, impacting many global weather events. I and many scientists expect the current El Nino to leave the stage sometime soon. What comes next is not yet clear, but a return to El Nino's dry sibling, La Ni�a, is certainly a possibility, though by no means a certainty. We'll be monitoring conditions closely over the coming weeks and months". El Nino, a climate phenomenon with a significant influence on global weather, ocean conditions and marine fisheries. El Nino, the periodic warming of central and eastern tropical Pacific waters, occurs on average every two to five years and typically lasts about 12 months. El Nino's impacts depend on a variety of factors, such as intensity and extent of ocean warming, and the time of year. Contrary to popular belief, not all effects are negative. On the positive side, El Nino can help to suppress Atlantic hurricane activity. In the United States, it typically brings beneficial winter precipitation to the arid Southwest, less wintry weather across the North, and a reduced risk of Florida wildfires. El Nino�s negative impacts have included damaging winter storms in California and increased storminess across the southern United States. Some past El Ninos also have produced severe flooding and mudslides in Central and South America, and drought in Indonesia. An El Nino event may significantly diminish ocean productivity off the west coast by limiting weather patterns that cause upwelling, or nutrient circulation in the ocean. These nutrients are the foundation of a vibrant marine food web and could negatively impact food sources for several types of birds, fish and marine mammals. Visit www.noaa.gov/ ###

A2AD Newswire Weather Station NY10011 CLIMATE SUMMARY 2009
A2AD Newswire - New York NY - Wed 08 Sep 2010
A2AD Newswire, Wed 08 Sep 2010. A2AD Newswire Weather Station NY10011 - CLIMATE SUMMARY FOR THE YEAR OF 2009. WEATHER OBSERVED NORMAL DEPART LAST YEAR'S VALUE DATE(S) VALUE FROM VALUE DATE(S) NORMAL TEMPERATURE (F) RECORD HIGH 106 07/09/1936 LOW -15 02/09/1934 HIGHEST 92 08/02 MM MM 97 08/02 07/10 07/09 LOWEST 8 02/05 MM MM 15 02/19 02/18 AVG. MAXIMUM 62.3 62.3 0.0 63.9 AVG. MINIMUM 47.8 47.0 0.8 49.7 MEAN 55.0 54.7 0.3 56.8 DAYS MAX >= 90 10 18.1 -8.1 8 DAYS MAX <= 32 18 19.5 -1.5 7 DAYS MIN <= 32 74 71.4 2.6 49 DAYS MIN <= 0 0 0.3 -0.3 0 PRECIPITATION (INCHES) RECORD MAXIMUM 80.56 1983 MINIMUM 26.09 1965 TOTALS 61.70 47.25 14.45 59.90 DAILY AVG. 0.17 11.81 -11.64 0.16 DAYS >= .01 127 120.6 6.4 105 DAYS >= .10 74 78.3 -4.3 81 DAYS >= .50 35 32.7 2.3 42 DAYS >= 1.00 23 13.0 10.0 19 GREATEST 24 HR. TOTAL 7.81 MM 12/31 TO 12/31 12/31 TO 12/31 12/31 TO 12/31 STORM TOTAL MM MM (MM/DD(HH)) MM 12/31(00) TO 12/31(00) 12/31(00) TO 12/31(00)1 12/31(00) TO 12/31(00)1 SNOWFALL (INCHES) RECORDS MM MM TOTAL MM MM 24 HR TOTAL MM MM SNOW DEPTH MM MM TOTALS 15.3 22.4 -7.1 30.3 LIQUID EQUIV 1.53 MM MM 3.03 SINCE 7/1 2.9 3.0 -0.1 0.0 LIQUID 7/1 0.29 MM MM 0.00 SNOWDEPTH AVG. 0 0 0 0 DAYS >= TRACE 35 10.9 24.1 11 DAYS >= 1.0 6 6.0 0.0 4 GREATEST SNOW DEPTH 5 03/17 17 02/13 24 HR TOTAL 5.5 MM 12/31 TO 12/31 12/31 TO 12/31 12/31 TO 12/31 STORM TOTAL MM MM (MM/DD(HH)) MM 12/31(00) TO 12/31(00) 12/31(00) TO 12/31(00)1 12/31(00) TO 12/31(00)1 DEGREE_DAYS HEATING TOTAL 4705 4805 -100 3987 SINCE 7/1 1595 1682 -87 1350 COOLING TOTAL 1212 1151 61 1130 SINCE 1/1 1212 1151 61 1130 FREEZE DATES RECORD EARLIEST MM LATEST MM EARLIEST MM LATEST MM WIND (MPH) AVERAGE WIND SPEED 5.1 RESULTANT WIND SPEED/DIRECTION 1/062 HIGHEST WIND SPEED/DIRECTION 26/050 DATE 02/14 HIGHEST GUST SPEED/DIRECTION 47/150 DATE 12/23 SKY COVER POSSIBLE SUNSHINE (PERCENT) MM NUMBER OF DAYS FAIR 207 NUMBER OF DAYS PC 91 NUMBER OF DAYS CLOUDY 67 AVERAGE RH (PERCENT) 61 WEATHER CONDITIONS. NUMBER OF DAYS WITH THUNDERSTORM M MIXED PRECIP M HEAVY RAIN 37 RAIN 58 LIGHT RAIN 117 FREEZING RAIN 2 LT FREEZING RAIN 4 HAIL 0 HEAVY SNOW 0 SNOW 2 LIGHT SNOW 25 SLEET 0 FOG 154 FOG W/VIS <= 1/4 MILE 14 HAZE 96 - INDICATES NEGATIVE NUMBERS. R INDICATES RECORD WAS SET OR TIED. MM INDICATES DATA IS MISSING. T INDICATES TRACE AMOUNT. Visit a2ad.com/wx/ ###

Full Moon Names And Their Meanings
A2AD Newswire - New York NY - Wed 08 Sep 2010
Full Moon Names and Their Meanings Full Moon names date back to Native Americans, of what is now the northern and eastern United States. The tribes kept track of the seasons by giving distinctive names to each recurring full Moon. Their names were applied to the entire month in which each occurred. There was some variation in the Moon names, but in general, the same ones were current throughout the Algonquin tribes from New England to Lake Superior. European settlers followed that custom and created some of their own names. Since the lunar month is only 29 days long on the average, the full Moon dates shift from year to year. Here is the Farmers Almanac's list of the full Moon names. � Full Wolf Moon - January Amid the cold and deep snows of midwinter, the wolf packs howled hungrily outside Indian villages. Thus, the name for January's full Moon. Sometimes it was also referred to as the Old Moon, or the Moon After Yule. Some called it the Full Snow Moon, but most tribes applied that name to the next Moon. � Full Snow Moon - February Since the heaviest snow usually falls during this month, native tribes of the north and east most often called February's full Moon the Full Snow Moon. Some tribes also referred to this Moon as the Full Hunger Moon, since harsh weather conditions in their areas made hunting very difficult. � Full Worm Moon - March As the temperature begins to warm and the ground begins to thaw, earthworm casts appear, heralding the return of the robins. The more northern tribes knew this Moon as the Full Crow Moon, when the cawing of crows signaled the end of winter; or the Full Crust Moon, because the snow cover becomes crusted from thawing by day and freezing at night. The Full Sap Moon, marking the time of tapping maple trees, is another variation. To the settlers, it was also known as the Lenten Moon, and was considered to be the last full Moon of winter. � Full Pink Moon - April This name came from the herb moss pink, or wild ground phlox, which is one of the earliest widespread flowers of the spring. Other names for this month's celestial body include the Full Sprouting Grass Moon, the Egg Moon, and among coastal tribes the Full Fish Moon, because this was the time that the shad swam upstream to spawn. � Full Flower Moon - May In most areas, flowers are abundant everywhere during this time. Thus, the name of this Moon. Other names include the Full Corn Planting Moon, or the Milk Moon. � Full Strawberry Moon - June This name was universal to every Algonquin tribe. However, in Europe they called it the Rose Moon. Also because the relatively short season for harvesting strawberries comes each year during the month of June . . . so the full Moon that occurs during that month was christened for the strawberry! � The Full Buck Moon - July July is normally the month when the new antlers of buck deer push out of their foreheads in coatings of velvety fur. It was also often called the Full Thunder Moon, for the reason that thunderstorms are most frequent during this time. Another name for this month's Moon was the Full Hay Moon. � Full Sturgeon Moon - August The fishing tribes are given credit for the naming of this Moon, since sturgeon, a large fish of the Great Lakes and other major bodies of water, were most readily caught during this month. A few tribes knew it as the Full Red Moon because, as the Moon rises, it appears reddish through any sultry haze. It was also called the Green Corn Moon or Grain Moon. � Full Corn Moon - September This full moon's name is attributed to Native Americans because it marked when corn was supposed to be harvested. Most often, the September full moon is actually the Harvest Moon. � Full Harvest Moon - October This is the full Moon that occurs closest to the autumn equinox. In two years out of three, the Harvest Moon comes in September, but in some years it occurs in October. At the peak of harvest, farmers can work late into the night by the light of this Moon. Usually the full Moon rises an average of 50 minutes later each night, but for the few nights around the Harvest Moon, the Moon seems to rise at nearly the same time each night: just 25 to 30 minutes later across the U.S., and only 10 to 20 minutes later for much of Canada and Europe. Corn, pumpkins, squash, beans, and wild rice the chief Indian staples are now ready for gathering. � Full Beaver Moon - November This was the time to set beaver traps before the swamps froze, to ensure a supply of warm winter furs. Another interpretation suggests that the name Full Beaver Moon comes from the fact that the beavers are now actively preparing for winter. It is sometimes also referred to as the Frosty Moon. � The Full Cold Moon; or the Full Long Nights Moon - December During this month the winter cold fastens its grip, and nights are at their longest and darkest. It is also sometimes called the Moon before Yule. The term Long Night Moon is a doubly appropriate name because the midwinter night is indeed long, and because the Moon is above the horizon for a long time. The midwinter full Moon has a high trajectory across the sky because it is opposite a low Sun. THE FULL MOONS 2009: January 10th Full Wolf Moon 10:27 pm, February 9th Full Snow Moon 9:49 am, March 10th Full Worm Moon 10:38 pm, April 9th Full Pink Moon 10:56 am, May 9th Full Flower Moon 12:01 am, June 7th Full Strawberry Moon 2:12 pm, July 7th Full Buck Moon 5:21 am, August 5th Full Sturgeon Moon 8:55 pm, September 4th Full Corn Moon 12:03 pm, October 4th Full Harvest Moon 2:10 am, November 2nd Full Hunter's Moon 2:14 pm, December 2nd Full Cold Moon 2:30 am, December 31st Full Blue Moon 2:13 pm. Visit a2ad.com/wx/ ###

Meteor Showers Schedule
A2AD Newswire - New York NY - Wed 08 Sep 2010
Meteor Showers. The best way to watch for meteors is to find a place with a clear view of the sky and arrange for deck chairs or some other comfortable rest. Warm clothing and a blanket, even in summer, are advisable. Another factor to consider is bright moonlight, which can considerably cut into the potential number of meteors that might be seen. If a gibbous or full Moon is present during your meteor watch, it will generally obliterate all but the very brightest of meteors. Best-known Meteor Showers - All times given are listed in Eastern Standard Time: Name Quadrantids, Maximim Activity January 3-4, Hourly Rate 60-120, Direction Northeast 4 to 6 am, Speed Medium. Name Lyrids, Maximim Activity April 21-22, Hourly Rate 10-20, Direction Overhead 2 to 4 am, Speed Swift streaks. Name Eta Aquarids, Maximim Activity May 4-5, Hourly Rate 20-40, Direction Southeast 2 to 4 am, Speed Very swift, long paths. Name Delta Aquarids, Maximim Activity July 28-29, Hourly Rate 15-25, Direction South 1 to 3 am, Speed Slow, long paths. Name Perseids, Maximim Activity August 11-13, Hourly Rate 50-100, Direction Northeast 2 to 4 am, Speed Very swift, rich display. Name Orionids, Maximim Activity October 21-22, Hourly Rate 15-25, Direction South 2 to 4 am, Speed Swift streaks. Name South Taurids, Maximim Activity November 2-4, Hourly Rate 10-20, Direction South 1 to 3 am, Speed Very slow, bright. Name North Taurids, Maximim Activity November 12-14, Hourly Rate 10-2, Direction South 12 to 2 am, Speed Slow fireballs. Name Leonids, Maximim Activity November 17-18, Hourly Rate 25-50, Direction S/Southeast 4 to 6 am, Speed Very swift. Name Geminids, Maximim Activity December 13-14, Hourly Rate 50-100, Direction Overhead 1 to 3 am, Speed Medium. Name Ursids, Maximim Activity December 22-23, Hourly Rate 15-25, Direction North all night, Speed Medium. Visit a2ad.com/wx/ ###

The Leap Second
A2AD Newswire - New York NY - Wed 08 Sep 2010
A2AD Newswire, Wed 08 Sep 2010. The Leap Second. A leap second is a positive or negative one-second adjustment to the Coordinated Universal Time (UTC) time scale that keeps it close to mean solar time. A leap second is a second, as measured by an atomic clock, added to or subtracted from Coordinated Universal Time (UTC) to make it agree with astronomical time to within 0.9 second. It compensates for slowing in the Earth�s rotation and is added during the end of June or December. The International Earth Rotation and Reference System Service (IERS) observes the Earth's rotation and nearly six months in advance (January and July) a "Bulletin C" message is sent out, which reports whether or not to add a leap second in the end of June and December. IERS schedules a leap second as needed to keep the time difference between atomic clocks and Earth�s rotation to below 0.9 seconds. Currently, no leap second was introduced in UTC on 31 December 2009. http://hpiers.obspm.fr ###

White Christmas In New York City
A2AD Newswire - New York NY - Wed 08 Sep 2010
White Christmas In New York City. This 25 December 2009 was the first White Christmas at Central Park since 2002. With two inches of snow on the ground at 7AM Christmas Day, this makes the first White Christmas since 2002, when five inches of snow fell during Christmas afternoon and evening. A White Christmas is defind as having either at least one inch of snow on the ground when measured at 7AM Christmas Morning or having at least one inch of snow fall during Christmas Day, according to the National Weather Service. ###

PETA Wants Robot Groundhog To Replace Phil
A2AD Newswire - New York NY - Wed 08 Sep 2010
Mid Winter approaches and people worldwide are preparing celebrations to honor Punxsy Phil. PETA says famed groundhog shouldn't have to deal with lights and crowds replace Punxsutawney Phil with a robot. People for the Ethical Treatment of Animals is requesting a robotic stand-in for the furry favorite of the beloved Groundhog Day festival known 'round the world. PETA says it�s unfair to keep Phil in captivity and then subject him to huge crowds and bright lights every Feb. 2. We could understand PETA�s fears for Punxsutawney Phil�s well being if Bill Murray was still plotting the furry fellow�s demise, but this is not the case. The animal is �being treated better than the average child in Pennsylvania,� William Deeley, president of the Inner Circle of the Punxsutawney Groundhog Club, said. The groundhog is kept in a climate-controlled environment and is inspected annually by the state Department of Agriculture. Tens of thousands of revelers go to Punxsutawney, Pa., every Groundhog Day, where the mayor of the town brings Phil out of his burrow and �asks� the creature is he can see his shadow. Tradition states that if the groundhog sees his shadow, there will be six more weeks of winter. If he doesn�t, spring will come early. There is no guarantee of an accurate prediction if the groundhog is a robot. - Gobblers Knob Groundhog Day Festivities Webcast. Catch all of the show at Gobblers Knob on Groundhog Day this year as Punxsutawney Phil and the Inner Circle of the Punxsutawney Groundhog Club predict the end to winter weather presented by the Pennsylvania Visitors Bureau at www.visitPA.com/groundhog - Punxsutawney Phil to text his Groundhog Day prediction. Sign up to get a text of Punxsutawney Phils Febuary 2, 2010 Weather prognostication from Gobblers Knob via your moble device by texting "Groundhog" to 247365 between now and Groundhog Day. - Punxsutawney Phil Gobblers Knob Groundhog Day Chapters Across America: "5 O'Clock Shadows" "5 O'Clock Shadows" Columbia, South Carolina. "ABCD Chapter" Winston-Salem, NC 8815 Kingstree Road Clemmons, NC 27012. "Bleached Board Prognosticators" International Paper Corporation Memphis, TN. "Bluegrass Chapter" of Louisville, Kentucky. "Bugeaters Groundhog Club" Lincoln, Nebraska. "Calgary Area Chapter for Groundhogs" Calgary, Alberta, Canada. "Can't Find Our Own Shadow" Chapter Frankfort, Kentucky. "Central Ohio Groundhog Club" Columbus, Ohio. "Connie's Grand Groundhog Group" Chatham, New Jersey. "Crabtree Valley Critters" 3505 Carriage Drive Raleigh, NC 27612. "Cracker James: Groundhog Headquarters of the Metro DC Area" Herndon, Virginia. "Farmhouse Fables" Chapter Buxted, East Sussex, England. "FOB SPEICHER (101st Airborne Division)" Tikrit (North), IRAQ. "Franklin Chapter" Franklin, PA. "Granite State Groundhog Gathering" P.O. Box 3072 Nashua, NH 03061. "Grannie's Groundhog Groupies" 3816 Wylam Ave. Moosic, PA 18507. "Greater Manchester Chapter" Manchester, New Hampshire. "Grimes Elementary" Rogers, Arkansas. "Griswold's Groundhogs" Newtown Square, PA. "Grube's Groundhog Club of Georgia" 2521 - 15th Street Columbus, Georgia 31906. "Hollywood Beach Bums Chapter" Hollywood Florida. "James (Uncle Bud) Mohamed Chapter" Arlington, Texas. "Jersey!" Toms River, New Jersey. "McCloud Anniversarites" Kunkletown, PA. "Milltown Millbillies" Milltown, New Jersey. "Monterey Bay Chapter" Aptos, CA 95003. "New York City Groundhog Club" New York City, NY. "Only PHIL Knows Best" Chapter Macungie, PA. "Pennsylvania Capital Chapter" Harrisburg, PA. "Phil Dirt" Chapter of Houston, Texas (713) 629-9693 Contact: Bridget S. Langdale. "Philadelphia Chapter" PO Box 43253 Philadelphia, PA 19129 Contact: Tom Margiotti. "Premiere Lonestar Texas Chapter" Austin, Texas. "Punxsutawney Groundhog Club of Greater Boston" Boston, MA. "Punxsutawney Peoria Partners" (Children's Hospital of Illinois). "Punxsutawney Phil Club of Greater Frederick" Ijamsville, MD 21754. "Punxsutawney ShadowHogs" San Bernardino, CA. "Punxsy Phil's Party Pretties, Political Pundits and Pontificating Old Poops" Annandale, VA. "Republic of Texas Chapter" Beaumont, Texas. "Sebring, Florida Chapter" Coconut Creek, FL 33063. "Shadow Watchers Chapter" Lenexa, Kansas. "Shell Factory Nature Park Chapter" Ft. Myers, Florida. "Sunshine Chapter" Groundhog Club of Silicon Valley, CA Saratoga, CA 95070. "TED Hastings Philophiles" North Chile, New York. "The Southernmost Groundhog Chapter" Key West, Florida. "The Whistlepig Chapter" AnnArbor, MI 48104. "Traveling Marmots Chapter" Online/Internet Based. "Tri-State Phil Osifurs Chapter" Hagerstown, Maryland. "Woodstock Chapter, Woodstock, IL" Contact: Gus Philpott. Heritage Academy Chapter Tulsa, Oklahoma 74136 - Junior Chapter. Phil's Dragon Shadows Commodore, PA - Junior Chapters. Punchbowl Groundhog Club Natick, MA Contact: Matt Douglas 3 Pearl Street Natick, MA 01760 email: mjd@douglasfamily.org. Punxsy's Party People San Antonio, Texas Contact Christina Mayfield cm7420@aol.com. "Pennsylvania Capital Chapter" Harrisburg, PA "Phil Dirt" Chapter of Houston, Texas (713) 629-9693 Contact: Bridget S. Langdale. For more Punxsutawney Phil Gobblers Knob Groundhog Day news visit www.groundhog.org ###

New York City Historical Weather Scribe
A2AD Newswire - New York NY - Wed 08 Sep 2010
A2AD Newswire, Wed 08 Sep 2010. A2AD Newswire Weather Station NY10011 - New York City Historical Weather Scribe. New York City Major Snowfalls 2006 February 11th-12th Blizzard of 2006 26.9" 3 Largest snowstorm in NYC history, surpassing Dec. 26-27, 1947 (26.4"); rare thundersnow reported 2003 February 16th-17th Presidents' Day Snowstorm II 19.8" 4 25.6" of snow recorded at JFK Airport; "Presidents' Day Snowstorm I" brought 12.7" on Feb. 19, 1979 1996 January 7th-8th Blizzard of '96 20.2" 5 Areas of more than 30" across portions of New Jersey; NYC schools closed, first time since Blizzard of '78 1983 February 11th-12th Megalopolitan Snowstorm 17.6" 4 Occurred during one of the strongest El Nino's of the 20th Century 1978 February 5th-7th Blizzard of '78 17.7" 3 Long Island & New England hardest hit, near hurricane strength winds, thundersnow, 36-hour storm duration 1969 February 9th-10th Lindsay Storm 15.3" 2 Mayor John Lindsay took the heat after sections of NYC remained unplowed for a week 1967 February 6th-7th N/A 15.2" 2 Blizzard conditions produced totals of over 20" in parts of New Jersey 1961 February 3rd-4th N/A 17.4" 4 Storm followed prolonged cold period (16 days of teens and 20's); JFK Airport recorded 24.0" 1960 December 11th-12th N/A 15.2" 3 20.4" recorded at Newark and 17.0" at The Battery 1948 December 19th-20th N/A 16.0" - 20-hour duration; Widespread totals of 12-18" across the Metropolitan Area 1947 December 26th-27th Big Snow 26.4" 2 The worst blizzard since 1888, and record holder until 2006 1941 March 7th-8th N/A 18.1" - Quick drop-off towards the coast as parts of New Jersey and Eastern Suffolk reported less than 10" of snow 1935 January 22th-24th N/A 17.5" - Snows from Gulf Coast to Maine 1920 February 4th-7th N/A 17.5" - Parts of Westchester received over 20" of snow 1899 February 12th-13th The Blizzard of 1899 16.0" 4 Temperatures in the single digits for most of the storm 1894 February 25th-27th N/A 15.2" - Before the storm, temperatures started out around 0F, before rising to just above freezing. 1893 February 17th-18th N/A 17.8" - Followed a warm spell when temperatures reached as high as 54F 1892 March 16th-18th St. Patrick's Day Snowstorm 15.4" - Largest snowstorm on record for many areas in the South 1888 March 12th-14th The Blizzard of '88 21.0" 4 Extreme blizzard conditions left behind over 50" of snow in some areas of Connecticut and the Hudson Valley 1836 January 8th-10th The Big Snow ~15" - Interior sections saw widepread 30-40" tallies 1831 January 14th-16th The Great Snowstorm ~15" - Rivals Superstorm of 1993 for expansiveness of coverage 1805 January 26th-28th N/A ~24" - 48 hours of continous snow 1798 November 19th-21th The Long Storm ~18" - Snow from Maryland to Maine Largest Snowstorm February 11-12, 2006 (26.9") Month with Most Snow March 1896 (30.5") Season with Most Snow 1995-96 (75.6") Earliest Measurable Snow October 15, 1876 (0.5") Latest Measurable Snow April 25, 1875 (3.0") Historic Heavy Rain Events in New York City YEAR DATE Rainfall 2007 April 15th 7.57" 2005 October 12th 4.26" 2005 October 8th 4.26" 1999 September 16th 5.02" 1996 October 19th 4.35" 1990 August 10th 4.64" 1977 November 8th 7.40" 1972 November 8th 5.60" 1972 October 7th 4.09" 1971 August 27th 4.16" 1966 September 21st 5.54" 1942 August 9th 4.10" 1938 September 21st 4.05" 1934 September 8th 4.86" 1933 September 15th 4.16" 1913 October 1st 4.98" 1909 August 16th 4.80" 1903 October 9th 7.33" 1903 October 8th 4.30" 1894 September 19th 4.30" 1888 August 21st 4.19" 1884 June 26th 4.29" 1882 September 23rd 8.28" 1877 October 4th 4.05" 1876 March 25th 4.25" All-time Wettest Day 8.28" September 23rd, 1882 All-time Wettest Month 16.85" September 1882 All-time Driest Month 0.02" June 1949 Wettest Year 80.56" 1983 Driest Year 26.09" 1695 Consecutive Days with a Trace or more 17 May 6-22, 1943 Calendar Month with most Heavy Rain Events October Days below 0F in New York City 1994 January 19th -2 1985 January 21st -2 1980 December 25th -1 1977 January 17th -2 1976 January 23rd -1 1968 January 9th -1 1963 February 8th -2 1961 February 2nd -2 1943 February 15th -8 1942 December 21st -1 1942 December 20th -4 1936 January 23rd -3 1935 January 28th -1 1934 February 10th -2 1934 February 9th -15 1934 February 8th -7 1933 December 30th -6 1933 December 29th -3 1927 January 27th -1 1925 January 28th -2 1922 February 17th -2 1920 February 1st -2 1920 January 31st -1 1919 December 18th -1 1918 February 5th -6 1918 January 4th -3 1918 January 1st -4 1917 December 31st -7 1917 December 30th -13 1917 December 29th -6 1914 February 13th -1 1914 February 12th -3 1914 January 14th -5 1914 January 13th -3 1912 February 11th -1 1912 January 13th -3 1904 January 5th -1 1899 February 11th -2 1899 February 10th -6 1899 February 9th -2 1896 February 17th -5 1896 January 6th -2 1895 February 6th -4 1886 February 5th -4 1885 February 11th -2 1884 December 20th -3 1884 December 19th -1 1883 December 23rd -1 1882 January 24th -6 1881 February 2nd -3 1880 December 31st -3 1880 December 30th -6 1879 January 3rd -4 1875 January 19th -1 1875 January 10th -3 1873 February 24th -1 1873 January 29th -1 1871 December 21st -2 All-time Minimum Temperature -15F February 9th, 1934 Most Consecutive sub-0F Days 4 Dec-Jan 1917-18 Most Consecutive Days with Max 32F or Below 16 Jan-Feb 1961 Month with Most sub-0F Days February (20) Winter with Most sub-0F Days 1914 Earliest 32F in Season October 15th (1876) Earliest 0F in Season December 18th (1919) Latest 0F in Season February 24th (1873) Latest 32F in Season May 6th (1891) All-time Coldest Maximum Temperature 2F December 30th, 1917. ###

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